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GE LightSpeed 64 slice CT Scanner. Multi-slice, multi-detector row CT scanner. Covers 4 cm of patient anatomy per rotation, gathering 64 slices at 0.625 mm. Revolution CT User Manual Direction 5480385-1EN, Revision 1 2 Product Description 2.1 Intended Use of the System The system is intended for head, whole body, cardiac, and vascular X-ray Computed Tomography applications. 2.2 Indications for Use of the System The system is intended to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer. GE Optima CT660 CT System User Manual. This User Manual contains Readme first, Safety, Regulatory information, Pediatrics and small patients, Equipment, Startup and shut down, Patient Schedule, Scan, Scan applications, Cardiac, Retrore construction, View images, Display applications, Reformat, Film, Image Management, Protocols, Data privacy. I am starting a job and I need a user manual for GE brightspeed ct 16 slice scanner. Can anyone provide me with a pdf file?
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of using multi-row spiral computed tomography (CT) to scan for pulmonary artery thrombosis and lower limb deep vein thrombosis (LVT) in patients with suspected LVT. A total of 110 patients underwent a contrast-enhanced spiral CT inspection of the pulmonary artery and lower extremity veins. Three-dimensional digital image processing, including multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR), was also conducted; two groups of experienced radiologists analyzed the CT images to evaluate the postprocessing techniques of these CT images. Seventy-five patients were diagnosed with LVT with or without pulmonary embolism (PE); out of these 75, 34 patients were diagnosed with PE and LVT together and 41 patients were diagnosed with LVT alone. A further 31 patients were diagnosed with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), and no embolisms were detected in the remaining four patients. With regard to PE, MPR and MIP demonstrated an accuracy of 100%, while MPR also showed images of LVT with an accuracy of 100%. The follow-up results at 12 months were consistent with the CT scan results. The clinical use of 128-slice spiral CT combination scanning in the detection of PE and LVT has significant potential to improve upon the present methods of diagnosis.
Introduction
Venous thromboembolic diseases comprise pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (–); untreated DVT may lead to a potentially fatal PE (). DVT and PE have increasingly been considered as a single disease, known as venous thromboembolism (VTE) (), and an asymptomatic PE is present in approximately half the patients presenting with symptomatic proximal DVT (). Moreover, DVT and PE share a number of risk factors, including age, immobilization, major surgery or trauma, active cancer, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy. Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) remained relatively unknown until 1957, when May and Thurner () characterized three types of intraluminal bands, or ‘spurs’ within the compressed iliac vein that were hypothesized to be probable risk factors for the development of left-sided iliofemoral DVT ().
With the advent of catheter-directed thrombolysis, iliac vein compression has been observed to be frequently associated with DVT following iliofemoral vein thrombolysis (). The management of iliofemoral DVT remains a challenge due to the fact that the symptoms and signs of DVT are unspecific. It has been shown that <25% of patients with clinically suspected DVT actually have the disease (,), which emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnostic strategies. The correct diagnosis and prompt treatment are therefore crucial. Several clinical prediction rules have been developed to simplify and improve the diagnostic procedures for patients with suspected DVT in a number of populations (–).
Diagnostic strategies based on combining pretest probability with D-dimer measurements have been shown to be safe and cost-effective (), leading to a significant reduction in the number of ultrasound examinations (,). As a result of the ability to acquire processed data sets with spiral computed tomography (CT), different techniques are available for accurate diagnosis. A series of robust and reproducible measurements for DVT is likely to be beneficial for the establishment of spiral CT as a clinical tool.
The aim of the present study was to assess the optimal digital image processing and combination techniques for the diagnosis of DVT, PE and IVCS, and to evaluate their accuracy.
Patients and methods
Patients
Although this examination was performed for accepted clinical indications and was considered suitable for patient care, approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the Municipal Hospital of Taizhou (Taizhou, China). Informed consent was obtained from each patient once the nature of the procedure had been explained fully.
A cohort of 110 consecutive patients (47 males and 63 females; mean age, 55±9 years; range, 27–84 years) was recruited from January 2010 to April 2012. All patients were suspected to have lower limb deep vein thrombosis (LVT) following B-mode ultrasonography. The patient population was composed of inpatients and outpatients whose physicians had ordered combined pulmonary CT and lower limb angiography, as well as indirect CT venography (CTV), for the diagnosis of VTE. For patients with no IVCS, an inferior vena cava filter was implanted prior to interventional treatment in order to reduce the further risk of DVT or PE.
CT acquisition protocol
All coronary CT angiographic examinations were performed on a 128-slice spiral CT scanner (GE LightSpeed 7.0 CT Scanner System; GE Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA). The patients were scanned in the lateral position, with their feet placed into the CT scanner first. On the basis of the patients’ weights, 120–150 ml (2 ml/kg) nonionic contrast medium (Optiray 350; Tyco Healthcare, Montreal, QC, Canada) was injected into the antecubital vein at a mean flow rate of 4 ml/sec using a high-pressure syringe. This was followed by a chaser bolus of 30 ml saline at the same flow rate using a dual-head injector (Stellant® D Dual Syringe CT Injection System; Medrad, Warrendale, PA, USA). To optimize the starting time for acquisition, a contrast agent auto-tracking technique was used (). A prescan was performed at the level of the aortic root, and a circular region of interest measuring 10 mm in diameter was placed on the ascending aorta. As soon as the signal density in the region of interest was obtained, image acquisition was initiated.
A spiral pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) check was performed, prior to a CTV being conducted 2 min later, combined with the time-density curves (,). All image data were processed by Wizard workstation (GE advantage windows 4.0; GE Healthcare, Wood Dale, IL, USA), including multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) imaging and volume rendering (VR).
These digital subtraction angiography (DSA) techniques were used to diagnose thrombosis of the pulmonary blood vessels, LVT and IVCS. The pulmonary subsegments and branches were further observed by adjusting the window width and level from 40 to 80 HU (,). The examinations were preselected for adequate contrast enhancement of the pulmonary arteries, which was judged subjectively.
CT image postprocessing and results analysis
Two groups of radiologists (experienced attending physicians, practicing for >10 years, three in each group) read the imaging results; the PCTA and CTV image results were read by the radiologists in group 1, and then the postprocessing techniques of MPR, MIP and VR were conducted for each image. The processed images were read by the second group of radiologists. According to the interpretation of the results, the patients were diagnosed with thrombosis of the pulmonary blood vessels, LVT and IVCS by the reviewers. The detection results of group 1 were considered as the standard to assess the accuracy of the image processing in group 2. In addition, a 12-month follow-up with PCTA and CTV was conducted to evaluate the credibility of the diagnoses.
Results
Enhancement CT diagnosis results
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The enhancement CT value of the normal pulmonary artery in our hospital (Municipal Hospital of Taizhou) was 270±22 HU and the main pulmonary artery and its branches were uniformly distributed on the image. The CT value of the pulmonary artery embolism was 65±7 HU and the image showed typical filling defects within the vascular cavity, which were clearly revealed by PCTA. The enhancement CT value of the normal lower extremity vein was 115±11 HU, while that of the LVT was 70±7 HU. The image of the LVT showed a filling defect.
Following the diagnostic procedure, 75 out of the 110 patients were diagnosed with LVT; IVCS was observed in 31 patients; and four patients were negative for embolisms. Out of the 75 patients diagnosed with LVT, 34 patients also presented with PE. In the patients with IVCS, the thrombosis extended to the iliac vein, inferior vena cava and renal vein in 10 of the 31 patients. Fig. 1 shows the filling defect within the pulmonary vascular cavity of an unprocessed CT image.
Original pulmonary artery cross-sectional image, showing the typical filling defect (arrow) of pulmonary thrombosis.
Credibility results of the postprocessed images
When the credibilities of the three modes of image postprocessing were compared, as shown in Table I, compared with the VR processing technology, MPR and MIP were more effective at showing thrombosis in the pulmonary artery, and clearly revealed the presence and range of the thrombosis. Fig. 2 shows two MPR images of the right pulmonary artery, in which the central artery (Fig. 2A) and lower pulmonary branch (Fig. 2B) show filling defects. Due to the concentration of the contrast medium, MIR and VR (Fig. 3) showed the thrombosis image of the lower limb deep vein clearly when combined with the original CT image.
Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) image of a right pulmonary artery. (A) Central pulmonary artery filling defect; (B) lower pulmonary branch filling defect.
Volume rendering (VR) image of a left lower limb deep vein, which shows developed venous limitations of thrombosis.
Table I
Credibility of diagnostic results from postprocessed images compared with the results of direct CT in 110 patients.
| Postprocessing positive rate, n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCTA/CTV | Condition | MPR | MIP | VR | Positive by direct CT, na |
| PCTA | PE+LVT | 34 (100) | 34 (100) | 22 (65) | 34 |
| CTV | LVT | 41 (100) | 25 (61) | 20 (49) | 41 |
| CTV | IVCS | 31 (100) | 31 (100) | 31 (100) | 31 |
CT, computed tomography; PCTA, pulmonary CT angiography; CTV, CT venography; PE, pulmonary embolism; LVT, lower venous thrombosis; IVCS, iliac vein compression syndrome; MPR, multi-planar reconstruction; MIP, maximum intensity projection; VR, volume rendering.
Compared with the display rate of the original CT image (100%), the display rates of MPR, MIP and VR were 100% (34/34), 100% (34/34) and 65% (22/34) for PE with LVT; 100% (41/41), 61% (25/41) and 49% (20/41) for LVT alone; and 100% (31/31), 100% (31/31) and 100% (31/31) for IVCS, respectively. MPR was a more effective DSA technique than MIP and VR in the present evaluation, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001).
All 75 patients finished the outpatient follow-ups 12 months later, and the CT follow-up results confirmed the diagnosed results.
Discussion
Traditional lower extremity studies that assess and review the entire lower extremity vasculature are performed by an ultrasound technologist. However, ultrasound examinations are not always available and have been shown to delay the time to diagnosis and potential treatment of a DVT by ~2 h (,). The ‘one-stage’ examination for the pulmonary artery and lower limb deep veins simultaneously, using high-speed spiral CT imaging technology, significantly reduces the total dose of contrast agent used. The procedure is relatively simple (pulmonary scanning time, 6 sec; time of moving patients, 5 sec; lower limb deep vein scanning time, 15–20 sec), and offers a convenient option for ambulatory patients.
The conventional time-delay for a PCTA inspection is 15–17 sec (). The contrast agent auto-tracking technology is able to correctly evaluate the delay-time. However, the time-delay range for a lower extremity CTV is relatively longer and measures 120–150 sec, depending on the condition of the patients, with a delay of 150 sec in cases of cardiac insufficiency or varicose veins of the lower extremity and a delay of 120 sec in cases without dysfunction or varicose veins. In the present study, the time-density curves combined with MPR images clearly showed the LVT in the 75 diagnosed patients.
The production of near-isotropic data sets with 128-slice spiral CT has enabled the introduction and/or refinement of numerous image processing techniques, avoiding the inherent distortion associated with non-isotropic data. CTV of the iliac vein is capable of effectively assessing the nature of thrombosis, particularly for the diagnosis of IVCS. The correct diagnosis contributes to the correct treatment, in addition to reducing unnecessary economic burden on the patients.
The advantages of 128-layer spiral pulse CT scanning are that it is noninvasive, scans at a high speed and generates images simultaneously. The results of the present study demonstrated that the diagnosis of LVT using 128-slice spiral CT combination scanning was accurate when compared with the original CT image. In the diagnosis of PE, the DSA techniques of MPR and MIP showed the image clearly, while MPR also clearly displayed the image of LVT. Combined with the original images, MIP and VR were able to diagnose LVT efficiently, while all of the three DSA techniques showed the images of IVCS clearly. This novel scanning technique has significant potential to improve upon the present diagnosis and management of patients with LVT.
References
Ge Lightspeed Ct Scanner Manual
The new Revolution CT Scanner from GE recently completed a six-month clinical trial at West Kendall Baptist Hospital in Florida. There, doctors said they were able to diagnose even the most challenging cardiac patients with erratic or high heartbeats and reduce the radiation dose for pediatric patients.
Computed Tomography (CT) scanners are often the first imaging technology many patients encounter when doctors suspect serious disease or injury. The machines use a narrow beam of X-rays processed by a computer to create slices of the body and assemble them into detailed 3D images.
Top image: A high-definition image of the skull and the Circle of Willis, which supplies blood to the brain, by the Revolution CT Scanner. Above: A high-definition musculoskeletal image of a foot and ankle reinforced with plates and screws, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
In 2013, GE introduced a new, superfast scanner called Revolution CT that allowed doctors to routinely obtain clear images of the beating heart, lungs, liver and other organs.
An image of the abdomen and the aorta, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
Starting in September 2014, the West Kendall Baptist Hospital in Florida became the first medical facility in the U.S. to use the machine. Its combination of low-dose exposure, organ-wide coverage and motion correction technology allows doctors to reduce radiation and still obtain high-resolution images of blood vessels, soft tissue, organs and bones.
Image of he whole aorta and kidneys, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
Ge Revolution Ct Scanner User Manual Pdf
The team at West Kendall Baptist Hospital recently completed the world’s first six-month clinical trial of the Revolution CT machine. Local doctors said they were able to diagnose even the most challenging cardiac patients with erratic or high heartbeats and reduce the radiation dose for pediatric patients.
“According to our physicians, patient feedback about their experience with the Revolution CT has been uniformly positive,” said West Kendall Baptist Hospital CEO Javier Hernández-Lichtl. “The advanced design definitely makes for a less intimidating, more comfortable patient experience, while yielding amazingly accurate and detailed images.”
A high-definition image of the skull and the Circle of Willis, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The Revolution CT was developed by scientists and engineers at GE Healthcare and GE Global Research, who were working closely with physicians in the field. “A core component of our strategy at GE Healthcare is to partner with customers to understand their clinical and operational needs, and in turn develop next-generation technology that deliver the necessary outcomes,” said Jeff Immelt, GE chairman and CEO, who came to West Kendall to see the results.
Take a look at some of the images obtained by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The Circle of Willis, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
A high-definition image of the skull and the Circle of Willis, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The skull and carotid arteries, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
An image of the abdomen and pelvis, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The rib cage, the heart and the chest cavity, by the Revolution CT Scanner. The Revolution CT can image the heart in a single heartbeat.
An image of the human heart with stents typically used to treat narrow or weak arteries.
The chest cavity with a side view of the heart, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The pelvis and the aorta, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
The whole aorta and kidneys, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
A high-definition musculoskeletal image of a foot with a screw, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
An ankle reinforced with screws, by the Revolution CT Scanner.
Image Credits: GE Healthcare